System and method for calibrating a document assembly system having multiple asynchronously operated sections

ABSTRACT

A method and system are provided for calibrating a document assembly system. An operation is initiated of a document assembly line of the document assembly system. During the operation, an activation is sensed of an activation element along the document assembly line. In response to the activation, positional information is determined for relating the activation element to the document assembly line.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is related to copending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 08/003,382, entitled System and Method for Operating a DocumentAssembly System, by J. M. Banks et al., and to copending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 08/003,176, entitled System and Method forMonitoring A Document Assembly System, by R. E. Bale et al., each filedconcurrently herewith.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This patent application relates in general to document assembly systemsand in particular to a method and system for calibrating a documentassembly system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A document assembly system assembles documents such as books, magazinesand newspapers. A conventional document assembly system includesdifferent types of paper feeders and sensors. To effectively calibratethe document assembly system, physical positions of paper feeders andsensors along a document assembly line are determined. Typical previoustechniques rely upon a human operator to manually determine suchinformation.

According to such previous techniques, an operator attempts to manuallyadjust the document assembly line into a known position relative topaper feeders and sensors. Nevertheless, it is difficult to accuratelyadjust the document assembly line in small amounts, resulting in animprecise and error prone calibration of the document assembly line.Moreover, manual calibrations are time consuming and physicallycumbersome. As more printers and paper feeders are added to longerdocument assembly lines, manual calibrations become increasingly timeconsuming and error prone.

Thus, a need has arisen for a method and system for calibrating adocument assembly system, in which the document assembly system isautomatically calibrated. Also, a need has arisen for a method andsystem for calibrating a document assembly system, in which physicalpositions of paper feeders and sensors along a document assembly lineare automatically determined. Further, a need has arisen for a methodand system for calibrating a document assembly system, in which thedocument assembly system is calibrated in a more precise, less errorprone, less time consuming, and less physically cumbersome mannerrelative to typical previous techniques.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a method and system for calibrating a document assembly system, anoperation is initiated of a document assembly line of the documentassembly system. During the operation, an activation is detected of anactivation element along the document assembly line. In response to theactivation, the activation element is related to the document assemblyline.

It is a technical advantage of the present invention that a documentassembly system is automatically calibrated.

It is another technical advantage of the present invention that physicalpositions of paper feeders and sensors along a document assembly lineare automatically determined.

It is a further technical advantage of the present invention that adocument assembly system is calibrated in a more precise, less errorprone, less time consuming, and less physically cumbersome mannerrelative to typical previous techniques.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a document assembly system according to thepreferred embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system of the document assemblysystem of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a gather section of the document assemblysystem of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of an exemplary signature of the gathersection of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of signals processed by the control system ofFIG. 2 according to the calibrating technique of the preferredembodiment;

FIGS. 6a-b are illustrations of activation elements located by thecontrol system of FIG. 2 according to the calibrating technique of thepreferred embodiment;

FIGS. 7a-d are a flow chart of the technique for calibrating a documentassembly system according to the preferred embodiment;

FIG. 8 is data flow diagram of a technique for operating a documentassembly system according to the control system of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 9a-e are flow charts of processes of the operating technique ofFIG. 8;

FIGS. 10a-c are illustrations of an exemplary operation of a documentassembly system according to the operating technique of FIG. 8;

FIGS. 11a-c are a flow chart of a technique for monitoring a documentassembly system according to the control system of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 12a-e are illustrations of information records processed by thecontrol system of FIG. 2 according to the monitoring technique of FIGS.11a-c; and

FIGS. 13a-b are illustrations of an exemplary operation of a documentassembly system according to the monitoring technique of FIGS. 11a-c.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The preferred embodiment of the present invention and its advantages arebest understood by referring to FIGS. 1-13b of the drawings, likenumerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the variousdrawings.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a document assembly system, indicatedgenerally at 10, according to the preferred embodiment. In the preferredembodiment, document assembly system 10 is a comprehensive perfectbindery system that assembles documents bound with glue, as comparedwith other binding materials such as staples or stitches.

Exemplary types of documents are a book, a magazine, and a newspaper. Adocument "edition" is a set of documents assembled by document assemblysystem 10 in response to a particular setup and configuration. A"generic" document is material common to all documents of a documentedition. A "custom" document is a generic document having content notcommon to all documents of a document edition.

Document assembly system 10 includes a gather section indicatedgenerally by dashed enclosure 12, a binder section indicated generallyby dashed enclosure 14, a dry cure table section indicated generally bydashed enclosure 16, and a trimmer section indicated generally by dashedenclosure 18. Together, gather section 12, binder section 14, dry curetable section 16, and trimmer section 18 form a document assembly lineof document assembly system 10.

Document assembly system 10 further includes a control system indicatedgenerally by dashed enclosure 20. In the preferred embodiment, controlsystem 20 has a distributed architecture. Accordingly, control system 20includes a bindery application station controller ("BASC") 22, a binderyreal time controller ("BRTC") 24, zero or more printer applicationstation controllers ("PASC") 26, and zero or more printer real timecontrollers ("PRTC") 28 each associated with a respective PASC 26. Also,control system 20 includes an input/output ("I/O") panel 30, a marquee32, and a tape reader 34. Control system 20 further includes a remoteterminal 36 located proximate to gather section 12. Interrelationsbetween the various elements of control system 20 are discussed furtherhereinbelow in connection with FIG. 2.

Gather section 12 includes multiple paper feeders ("gather pockets")40a-g disposed over a conveyor 42. For clarity, FIG. 1 shows sevengather pockets, although gather section 12 can include numerousadditional gather pockets. As discussed further hereinbelow inconnection with FIGS. 3 and 4, in response to signals from controlsystem 20, gather pockets 40a-g and conveyor 42 selectively gather oneor more signatures (not shown in FIG. 1) for one or more documents. Inthe preferred embodiment, control system 20 operates gather section 12to selectively gather sets of signatures for multiple customizedversions of one or more documents, contemporaneously.

Conveyor 42 leads sets of gathered signatures from gather section 12 toa conveyor 44 of binder section 14. Conveyor 44 further leads the setsof gathered signatures into a binder unit 46 of binder section 14.Binder section 14 also includes multiple cover paper feeders ("coverpockets") 48a-d disposed over a conveyor 50. In response to signals fromcontrol system 20, cover pockets 48a-d and conveyor 50 selectively leadone or more covers (not shown in FIG. 1) for one or more documents intobinder unit 46. Using glue, binder unit 46 binds each set of gatheredsignatures from conveyor 44 with one or more covers from conveyor 50.

A conveyor 51 leads sets of bound and covered signatures from binderunit 46 to a conveyor 52 of dry cure table section 16. The sets of boundand covered signatures are conveyed along conveyor 52, so that theirglues are allowed to dry and/or cure. Conveyor 52 leads sets of driedsignatures to a conveyor 54 of trimmer section 18.

Conveyor 54 leads the sets of dried/cured signatures into a trimmer unit56 of trimmer section 18. Trimmer unit 56 trims the sets of dried/curedsignatures to form documents. Conveyor 54 leads the documents out oftrimmer unit 56 to a stacker unit 58. In response to signals fromcontrol system 20, stacker unit 58 selectively stacks documents fromconveyor 54 into one or more groups 60a-b conveyed on a conveyor 62.

Document assembly system 10 further includes one or more divert gates,such as divert gates 64a-c shown in FIG. 1. In the preferred embodiment,control system 20 operates divert gates 64a-c to selectively divertobjects in response to errors detected during assembly of documents. Forexample, in response to signals from control system 20, divert gate 64aselectively diverts one or more sets of gathered signatures away fromconveyor 44 of binder section 14.

Also, in response to signals from control system 20, divert gate 64bselectively diverts one or more sets of bound and covered signaturesaway from conveyor 52 of dry cure table section 16. Similarly, inresponse to signals from control system 20, divert gate 64c selectivelydiverts one or more documents to a conveyor 65 away from stacker 58.

Moreover, document assembly system 10 includes one or more imagestations, such as printers 66a and 66b shown in FIG. 1. In the preferredembodiment, control system 20 operates printer 66a to printidentification information on covers of bound signatures after they exitbinder unit 46 along conveyor 51. To verify proper operation of documentassembly system 10, control system 20 subsequently reads the printedidentification information through an optical scanner 68 from covers ofdocuments after they exit trimmer unit 56 along conveyor 54. Controlsystem 20 operates printer 66b to selectively print subscriberinformation, such as addresses and notices on covers of documents afterthey exit trimmer unit 56 along conveyor 54. Control system 20 isfurther able to operate one or more additional printers to selectivelyprint subscriber information anywhere on or within a document.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of control system 20. Tape reader 34 isconnected to BASC 22 for inputting, storing, and outputting subscriberinformation. Remote terminal 36 stores configuration and setupinformation concerning document assembly system 10. BASC 22 inputsconfiguration and setup information from remote terminal 36. In responseto signals from BASC 22, remote terminal 36 modifies its storedconfiguration and setup information. Marquee 32 displays information toan operator in response to signals from BASC 22.

Remote terminal 36 operates as a remote host controller. Accordingly,remote terminal 36 includes a resident database for storing informationrelating to interfaces with an operator. The resident database of remoteterminal 36 is accessible by remote terminal 36, BASC 22 and PASC 26.

Moreover, remote terminal 36, BASC 22 and PASC 26 each include arespective display screen and input device, such as a keyboard orpointing device, for interfacing with the operator. Through any suchinput device, the operator sends instructions to one or more of remoteterminal 36, BASC 22 and PASC 26. For example, through the input deviceof remote terminal 36, the operator can modify configuration and setupinformation.

Through I/O panel 30, BRTC 24 inputs signals from sensors 100, includingmiss sensors, verify sensors, pocket sensors, and print demand sensors(not shown) as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIGS. 3and 6a-b. Moreover, through I/O panel 30, BRTC 24 outputs signals toactuators 102 for selectively operating elements of document assemblysystem 10, including gather pockets 40a-g, cover pockets 48a-c, anddivert gates 64a-c.

BASC 22 operates as a bindery host controller. Accordingly, BASC 22outputs signals to BRTC 24 and to PASC 26 for coordinating assembly ofmultiple documents according to the preferred embodiment. From BRTC 24and PASC 26, BASC 22 inputs status information relating to documentassembly operations.

BRTC 24 outputs signals to printer 66a for printing identificationinformation on covers of bound signatures after they exit binder unit 46along conveyor 51. PRTC 28 outputs signals to respective printer 66b forselectively printing on a cover or signatures of an individual document.Status information is communicated between BRTC 24 and PRTC 28, so thatsuch printing operations are synchronized with other operations ofdocument assembly system 10.

PASCs 26 operates as print host controllers. Accordingly, PASC 26outputs signals to a respective PRTC 28 for coordinating printing onmultiple documents. From PRTC 28, PASC 26 inputs status informationrelating to printing operations. For each additional printer 104 addedto document assembly system 10, an additional PRTC 106 and PASC 108 canbe added to control system 20 as shown in FIG. 2.

In the preferred embodiment, BASC 22, PASC 26 and remote terminal 36 arePS/2 computers available from INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINESCORPORATION, executing C language instructions in an OS/2 1.2 operatingenvironment. BRTC 24 and PRTC 28 are VME based multi-processor systems,executing C++ language instructions in a Realtime Multiprocessing Kernel("RMK") operating environment available from INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSMACHINES CORPORATION. Instructions are structured as sets ofcommunicating processes, as discussed further hereinbelow in connectionwith FIG. 8.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of gather section 12. FIG. 3 showssubstantially identical gather pockets 40a-b and 40f-g (indicatedgenerally by dashed enclosures), although gather section 12 can includenumerous additional gather pockets. Gather pockets 40a-b and 40f-g aredisposed over conveyor 42. Conveyor 42 includes multiple substantiallyequally spaced pins 128a-f shown in FIG. 3, although conveyor 42 caninclude numerous additional pins.

Gather pocket 40a is a representative one of gather pockets 40a-b and40f-g. Accordingly, for clarity, only gather pocket 40a is discussed indetail hereinbelow. Gather pocket 40a includes a mode device 130 forswitching gather pocket 40a between "time", "off", and "standard" modes.Further, gather pocket 40a includes a vacuum device 132, a "miss" light134, and a "double" light 136, each coupled through actuators 102 to I/Opanel 30 of FIG. 2. Moreover, gather pocket 40a includes a calipersensor 138 and a miss sensor 140, each connected as sensors 100 to I/Opanel 30 of FIG. 2. In the preferred embodiment, miss sensor 140 is aphotosensor.

Gather pocket 40a also includes a drum 142. In operation, drum 142rotates in the direction indicated generally by arrow 144. Drum 142includes grippers 146a-c and respectively associated miss activationelements 148a-c. In addition, drum 142 includes an index activationelement 150. In the preferred embodiment, activation elements 148a-c and150 are reflectors. Further, gather pocket 40a includes a hopper 152.Hopper 152 holds a set of substantially identical signatures 154a-e.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of exemplary signature 154a. Signature 154a isa single sheet of paper, indicated generally at 156, on which multiplepages 158a-f a document are printed. After pages 158a-f are printed onpaper 156, paper 156 is folded along lines 160a-c to form signature154a.

As discussed further hereinabove in connection with FIG. 1, documentassembly system 10 assembles a document by gathering differentsignatures from multiple ones of gather pockets 40a-g. Trimmer unit 56trims sets of dried/cured signatures to form multiple sheets of paperproperly oriented and sequenced within a document. Accordingly, thelength L and width W of signature 154a are slightly greater than thelength and width of a document in which signature 154a is to beincluded.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the nominal spacing between sequential onesof gather pockets 40a-g (see FIG. 1) is a distance A as shown in FIG. 3.For example, the nominal spacing between gather pockets 40a and 40b isdistance A. In an exemplary embodiment, distance A is twenty-seveninches. The nominal spacing between sequential ones of pins 128a-f is adistance B as shown in FIG. 3. For example, the nominal spacing betweenpins 128a and 128b is distance B. In an exemplary embodiment, distance Bis sixteen inches.

Multiple "slots" are defined relative to conveyor 42 and are numbered asslot 0 through slot n-1 as shown in FIG. 3, where n i s the total numberof defined slots. By definition, as shown in FIG. 3, each of slots 0through n-1 has a length equal to distance B. Accordingly, ##EQU1##Also, slots are defined for all conveyors of document assembly system10.

In operation, conveyor 42 shifts pins 128a-f in the direction indicatedgenerally by arrow 170. As shown in FIG. 3, all of pins 128a-f aresimultaneously alignable with boundaries 172a-f of slots 0 through n-1.Nevertheless, pins 128a-f can be offset from boundaries 172a-f asconveyor 42 shifts pins 128a-f in the direction indicated generally byarrow 170. By suitably shifting pins 128a-f in this manner, any of pins128a-f is alignable with any of boundaries 172a-f. The shifting of pins128a-f does not modify the positions of slots 0 through n-1 relative toconveyor 42. Pins 128a-f are arranged in a continuous chain so that,after conveyor 42 shifts a pin across boundary 172f, conveyor 42eventually returns the pin to entry boundary 172a. In the preferredembodiment, slot 0 of gather section 12 is an entry point for documentassembly system 10 at which assembly of documents begins. In analternative embodiment, the entry point is a different slot of gathersection 12.

As shown in FIG. 3, mode device 130 is switched to a "standard" setting,so that gather pocket 40a is responsive to control signals from controlsystem 20. Likewise, each of gather pockets 40b and 40f-g are switchedto a "standard" setting. In operation, control system 20 selectivelyoperates a gather pocket's vacuum device to pull a signature from thegather pocket's hopper. For example, referring to gather pocket 40b,control system 20 selectively operates a vacuum device 180 to pull asignature 182 from a hopper 184.

After a gather pocket's vacuum device pulls a signature from the gatherpocket's hopper, the pulled signature is gripped by a gripper of thegather pocket's drum. For example, referring to gather pocket 40f, apulled signature 190 is gripped by a gripper 192 of a drum 194. Acaliper sensor 196 measures thickness of signature 190 to detect whethermultiple signatures are errantly being gripped simultaneously by gripper192. Cover pockets 48a-d (FIG. 1) operate in a similar manner. Notably,cover pockets 48a-d do not include caliper sensors.

After a signature is gripped by a gripper, the rotating drum moves thesignature into a suitable position near conveyor 42. After the signatureis suitably positioned near conveyor 42, the gripper releases thesignature, so that the signature is placed on conveyor 42 betweenadjacent ones of pins 128a-f. By operating gather pockets 40a-g toselectively place signatures on conveyor 42, control system 20selectively gathers signatures in a set to form a document. For example,in FIG. 3, signatures 197a-b are gathered in a set between pins 128e and128f to form part or all of a particular document. In the preferredembodiment, control system 20 operates gather section 12 to selectivelygather sets of signatures for multiple customized versions of one ormore documents, contemporaneously.

Each gather pocket's drum is positioned proximate to an associated misssensor. For example, drum 142 of gather pocket 40a is positionedproximate to miss sensor 140, and drum 194 of gather pocket 40f ispositioned proximate to a miss sensor 198. Similar to drum 142 of gatherpocket 40a, drum 194 of gather pocket 40f includes grippers 192, 200 and202, and respectively associated miss activation elements 204a-c.Likewise, drum 194 includes an index activation element 206.

When a signature is not being gripped by a miss activation element'sassociated gripper, the miss activation element is not covered. Forexample, referring to gather pocket 40a, a signature is not beinggripped by gripper 146a associated with miss activation element 148a, sothat miss activation element 148a is not covered. In such a situation,the gather pocket's miss sensor detects an activation of the missactivation element when the miss activation element is positionedproximate to the miss sensor.

For example, referring to gather pocket 40a, miss sensor 140 detects anactivation of miss activation element 148a when drum 142 eventuallyrotates miss activation element 148a into a region indicated generallyby dashed enclosure 210 proximate to miss sensor 140. As shown in FIG.3, index activation element 150 is positioned within region 210proximate to miss sensor 140, so that miss sensor 140 detects anactivation of index activation element 150. In the preferred embodiment,a miss sensor detects an activation of an activation element bydetecting a reflection of light from the activation element.

When a signature is being gripped by a miss activation element'sassociated gripper, the miss activation element is covered by thesignature. For example, referring to gather pocket 40f, signature 190 isbeing gripped by gripper 192 associated with miss activation element204a, so that miss activation element 204a is covered by signature 190.In such a situation, the gather pocket's miss sensor does not detect anactivation of the miss activation element, even when the miss activationelement is positioned proximate to the miss sensor.

Accordingly, by monitoring the miss sensors of gather pockets 40a-g,control system 20 determines whether a signature is being gripped. Bydesign, the index activation element is never covered, even when asignature is being gripped, such that the miss sensor always detects anactivation of an index activation element positioned proximate to themiss sensor.

By definition, a cycle is an event in which conveyor 42 shifts all ofpins 128a-f over the length B of a slot. Further, during each cycle,each drum rotates approximately 120 degrees. Accordingly, a gatherpocket's miss sensor detects an activation of the gather pocket's indexactivation element once every three cycles.

FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of signals processed by control system 20according to the calibrating technique of the preferred embodiment. Fromeach of gather pockets 40a-g (FIG. 1), control system 20 inputs a misssensor signal 220 through I/O panel 30 (FIG. 2). From conveyor 42 (FIG.1), control system 20 inputs a pin clock signal 222 through I/O panel30. Pin clock signal 222 has a positive pulse once per cycle, therebyindicating when all of pins 128a-f have been shifted by conveyor 42 overthe length B of a slot.

From conveyor 42, control system 20 inputs an encoder pulse signal 224through I/O panel 30. In response to conveyor 42 shifting all of pins128a-f over a unit distance, encoder pulse signal 224 has a positivepulse. In an exemplary embodiment, such a unit distance is 1/720 of aninch.

As indicated by curve 226, control system 20 increments an encoder pulsecount in response to each pulse of encoder pulse signal 224. Controlsystem 20 increments the encoder pulse count from 0 pulses through xpulses, where ##EQU2## For example, if B=16 inches, and if the unitdistance is 1/720 of an inch, then x=11,520 pulses. A cycle is an eventin which conveyor 42 shifts all of pins 128a-f over the length B of aslot; accordingly, x is a predetermined constant number of pulses outputby gather section 12 per cycle, and a fraction of x pulses is linearlyrelated to a fraction of a cycle. In response to each positive pulse ofpin clock signal 222, control system 20 resets the encoder pulse countto 0 pulses and continues incrementing the encoder pulse count inresponse to each pulse of encoder pulse signal 224.

Through miss sensor signal 220, a gather pocket's miss sensor outputs apositive pulse each time it detects an activation of any of the gatherpocket's activation elements, including the index activation element andthe miss activation elements. As shown in FIG. 5, miss sensor signal 220illustrates a situation where no signatures are being gripped by thegather pocket's drum, so that miss sensor signal 220 has four positivepulses 228a-d per 360 degree rotation (three cycles) of the gatherpocket's drum.

If no signatures are being gripped by the gather pocket's drum, misssensor signal 220 has one positive pulse per cycle attributable to anactivation of a miss activation element, such as pulses 228a, 228c and228d. Moreover, miss sensor signal 220 has one positive pulse per threecycles attributable to an activation of an index activation element,such as pulse 228b. Thus, for one of every three cycles, miss sensorsignal 220 has two positive pulses (one pulse attributable to anactivation of a miss activation element and another pulse attributableto an activation of an index activation element), such as pulses 228aand 228b.

Accordingly, by analyzing the timing of pulses 228a-d relative to curve226, control system 20 identifies pulses 228a, 228c and 228d as beingattributable to a miss sensor's detecting activations of miss sensorelements. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 5, pulses 228a, 228c and 228doccur at similar encoder pulse counts, thereby according with thesubstantially equal spacing of miss activation elements around a gatherpocket's drum.

In this manner, control system 20 relates pulses 228a-d to the encoderpulse count of curve 226. Significantly, the encoder pulse count ofcurve 226 is related to pin clock signal 222 and to physical positionsof pins and slots of conveyor 42. Moreover, pulses 228a-d are related tophysical positions of activation elements around a gather pocket's drum.Accordingly, by relating pulses 228a-d to the encoder pulse count ofcurve 226, control system 20 advantageously relates physical positionsof activation elements around a gather pocket's drum to physicalpositions of pins and slots of conveyor 42.

Notably, each drum of cover pockets 48a-d has two substantially evenlyspaced miss activation elements and no index activation element.Accordingly, a cycle for cover pockets 48a-d is an event in which eachdrum rotates approximately 180 degrees, so that each cover pocket's misssensor detects an activation of a miss activation element once percycle.

Moreover, control system 20 inputs a respective pin clock signal fromdifferent conveyors of document assembly system 10. Also, control system20 inputs a respective encoder pulse signal from different conveyors ofdocument assembly system 10. Accordingly, control system 20 adjusts todifferences in physical positions of pins and slots of differentconveyors.

For example, from each of cover pockets 48a-d (FIG. 1), control system20 inputs a miss sensor signal through I/O panel 30 (FIG. 2). Fromconveyor 50, control system 20 inputs a pin clock signal and an encoderpulse signal through I/O panel 30. In response to such signals, controlsystem 20 relates physical positions of activation elements around drumsof cover pockets 48a-d to physical positions of pins and slots ofconveyor 50 (FIG. 1) according to the technique discussed hereinabove inconnection with FIG. 5 for gather pockets.

FIGS. 6a-b are illustrations of activation elements 240 and 242 locatedby control system 20 according to the calibrating technique of thepreferred embodiment. In the preferred embodiment, activation elements240 and 242 are reflectors. An entry sensor 244 is positioned aboveactivation element 240 near entry boundary 172a of slot 0 and isconnected to I/O panel 30 of FIG. 2. A verify sensor 246 is positionedabove activation element 242 near a boundary 248 of slot 2 and isconnected to I/O panel 30 of FIG. 2. In the preferred embodiment, entrysensor 244 and verify sensor 246 are photosensors.

Entry sensor 244 detects an activation of activation element 240 when nosignatures are interposed between entry sensor 244 and activationelement 240. Likewise, verify sensor 246 detects an activation ofactivation element 242 when no signatures are interposed between verifysensor 246 and activation element 242. In the preferred embodiment,sensors 244 and 246 detect activations of activation elements 240 and242, respectively, by detecting reflections of light from the activationelements.

Referring to FIG. 6a, when at least one signature 250 is interposedbetween entry sensor 244 and activation element 240, entry sensor 244ceases detecting an activation of activation element 240. Accordingly,by monitoring signals from entry sensor 244 relative to curve 226,control system 20 determines a point 252 within a cycle where signature250 is initially interposed between entry sensor 244 and activationelement 240.

In this manner, control system 20 relates the signals from entry sensor244 to the encoder pulse count of curve 226. Significantly, the encoderpulse count of curve 226 is related to physical positions of pins andslots of conveyor 42. Moreover, when at least one signature such assignature 250 crosses boundary 172a to enter slot 0, the signals fromentry sensor 244 are related to a physical position of activationelement 240 within slot 0. Accordingly, by relating the signals fromentry sensor 244 to the encoder pulse count of curve 226, control system20 advantageously relates the physical position of activation element240 and entry sensor 244 to physical positions of pins and slots ofconveyor 42.

Similarly, referring to FIG. 6b, when conveyor 42 eventually shiftssignature 250 to be interposed between verify sensor 246 and activationelement 242, verify sensor 246 ceases detecting an activation ofactivation element 242, thereby verifying the presence of a signature inslot 2. Accordingly, by monitoring signals from verify sensor 246,control system 20 determines a point 254 within a cycle where signature250 is initially interposed between verify sensor 246 and activationelement 242. As discussed hereinabove in connection with FIG. 5, byrelating the signals from verify sensor 246 to the encoder pulse countof curve 226, control system 20 advantageously relates the physicalposition of activation element 242 and verify sensor 246 to physicalpositions of pins and slots of conveyor 42. In an analogous manner,control system 20 relates the physical position of any print demandsensor (not shown) and its associated activation element to physicalpositions of pins and slots.

Multiple verify sensors (such as verify sensor 246) and theirrespectively associated activation elements (such as activation element242) are positioned at various slots (such as slot 2 in FIGS. 6a-b) ofconveyors of document assembly system 10 to detect the presence ofsignatures in slots. Also, entry sensors (such as entry sensor 244) andtheir respectively associated activation elements (such as activationelement 240) are positioned at entry slots (such as slot 0 in FIGS.6a-b) of conveyors of document assembly system 10 to detect the entry ofsignatures onto conveyors.

FIGS. 7a-d are a flow chart of the technique for calibrating a documentassembly system according to the preferred embodiment. A number offactors contribute to the difficulty in calibrating document assemblysystem 10. For example, an operator can vary positions of each pocket'sgrippers relative to slots in order to accommodate different sizes andpositioning of signatures. Moreover, slot width is not necessarily aneven multiple of pocket spacing.

As discussed hereinabove in connection with FIGS. 3-6b, in calibratingdocument assembly system 10, control system 20 automatically calibrates(1) positions of various entry sensors, verify sensors, print demandsensors (not shown), and exit sensors (not shown) along the documentassembly line relative to slots and (2) positions of each pocket's missactivation elements relative to slots.

In order to automatically calibrate document assembly system 10, controlsystem 20 inputs configuration information concerning document assemblysystem 10. Such configuration information includes: the number and sizesof slots in each section of document assembly system 10; the number,types and nominal spacing of pockets in document assembly system 10; theresolution of encoder signals for each section of document assemblysystem 10; divert gate locations; cover offset; and an initial estimateof each sensor's slot position within a specified section of documentassembly system 10.

After control system 20 inputs the configuration information, a teachcommand is given to control system 20 for initiating the automaticcalibration of document assembly system 10. The teach command indicatesa number of trials for control system 20 to average for the calibration.In response to the teach command, control system 20 executes basetracking operations for assembling a set of documents. The base trackingoperations include queue manager, sensor manager, divert gate manager,and pocket control operations. The base tracking operations do notinclude document initiation/termination, stacker interface, and printerinterface operations.

Referring to FIG. 7a, the calibration technique includes a Phase-1 and aPhase-2. Phase-1 automatically relates miss activation elements to slotsaccording to the techniques discussed further hereinabove in connectionwith FIGS. 3-5. During Phase-1, control system 20 operates documentassembly system 10 with no signatures being gathered. Phase-2automatically relates sensors and their respectively associatedactivation elements to slots according to the techniques discussedfurther hereinabove in connection with FIGS. 6a-b. During Phase-2,control system 20 operates document assembly system 10 with signaturesbeing gathered for at least one test document.

In the preferred embodiment, control system 20 executes Phase-1 prior toPhase-2. In an alternative embodiment, control system 20 executesPhase-2 prior to Phase-1. In another alternative embodiment, controlsystem 20 executes either Phase-1 or Phase-2 and not the other.

Phase-1 begins at a step 270, where control system 20 initializes anindex i to the total number of gather pockets. Then, control system 20executes a teach process 272 for calibrating miss sensors of each suchpocket as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIG. 7b.

At a decision block 274, control system 20 determines whether teachprocess 272 successfully calibrated each pocket's miss activationelements. If teach process 272 was not successful, then at a step 276control system 20 notifies the operator that calibration was not fullysuccessful, and execution stops. If teach process 272 was successful,then execution continues to a step 280.

At step 280, control system 20 initializes index i to the total numberof cover pockets. Then, control system 20 executes teach process 272 forcalibrating miss sensors of each such pocket as discussed furtherhereinbelow in connection with FIG. 7b. At a decision block 284, controlsystem 20 determines whether teach process 272 successfully calibratedeach pocket's miss activation elements. If teach process 272 was notsuccessful, then at a step 286 control system 20 notifies the operatorthat calibration was not fully successful, and execution stops. If teachprocess 272 was successful, then execution continues to a step 290.

At step 290, control system 20 initializes index i to the total numberof perpendicular print station ("PPS") pockets (not shown). Then,control system 20 executes teach process 272 for calibrating misssensors of each such pocket as discussed further hereinbelow inconnection with FIG. 7b. At a decision block 294, control system 20determines whether teach process 272 successfully calibrated eachpocket's miss activation elements. If teach process 272 was notsuccessful, then at a step 296 control system 20 notifies the operatorthat calibration was not fully successful, and execution stops. If teachprocess 272 was successful, then execution continues to Phase-2.

Phase-2 begins at steps 300 and 302 where control system 20 beginsexecuting two parallel processes. At step 300, control system 20 startsits monitoring process for each entry sensor, verify sensor, and printdemand sensor (not shown) of document assembly system 10. At a decisionblock 304, control system 20 determines whether any sensor ceasesdetecting an activation of its associated activation element, therebyindicating the presence of a signature in a slot. Execution loops atdecision block 304 until control system 20 detects the presence of asignature in a slot.

After control system 20 detects the presence of a signature in a slot,at a step 306 control system 20 reads the encoder count and determinesthe section, slot, and offset relative to the slot of the sensor and itsassociated activation element in the manner discussed furtherhereinabove in connection with FIGS. 6a-b. At a next step 308, controlsystem 20 stores the determined section, slot, and offset. After step308, execution returns to decision block 304.

At step 302, control system 20 initiates the assembly by documentassembly system 10 of a test document. During assembly of the testdocument, control system 20 monitors the test document's slot locationas the test document is shifted through the document assembly line.Control system 20 locates entry sensors, verify sensors, and printdemand sensors (not shown) by detecting when each such sensor ceasesdetecting an activation of its associated activation element. By knowingthe section and slot in which the test document is located, controlsystem 20 likewise knows the slot in which a sensor ceases detecting anactivation of its associated activation element.

At a next step 310, control system 20 waits for document assembly system10 to complete assembly of the test document. After document assemblysystem 10 completes assembly of the test document, control system 20determines at a decision block 312 whether more trials are to beperformed. If more trials are to be performed, then execution returns tostep 302. If more trials are not to be performed, then control system 20executes a task average process 314 discussed further hereinbelow inconnection with FIG. 7d. After executing task average process 314,control system 20 stores the determined configuration information at astep 316, and execution stops.

FIG. 7b is a flow chart of teach process 272. In Phase-1, documentassembly system 10 operates with no signatures being gathered so thatall miss activation elements are uncovered. Notably, control system 20calibrates pockets in order of their proximity to a conveyor's entryboundary (such as entry boundary 172a of conveyor 42). Control system 20uses calibrations of each pocket's miss activation elements as a basisfor calibrating subsequent pockets.

Referring to FIG. 7b, teach process 272 (FIG. 7a) begins at a decisionblock 320 where control system 20 determines whether index i is greaterthan 0. If index i is greater than 0, then control system 20 determinesat a decision block 322 whether the mode device of pocket i is switchedto "standard" mode. If the mode device of pocket i is not switched to"standard" mode, then control system decrements the value of index i ata step 324, and execution returns to decision block 320.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 322 that the modedevice of pocket i is switched to "standard" mode, then at a step 326control system 20 initializes an index j to a preselected number oftrials. After step 326, control system 20 determines at a decision block328 whether index j is greater than 0. If index j is greater than 0,then control system 20 executes a teach average process 330 discussedfurther hereinbelow in connection with FIG. 7c, decrements the value ofindex j at a step 332, and returns to decision block 328. If controlsystem 20 determines at decision block 328 that index j is not greaterthan 0, then execution continues to step 324.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 320 that index i isnot greater than 0, then at a step 334 control system averages data fromeach trial of teach average process 330. After step 334, control system20 returns an indication of success at a step 336.

Referring to FIG. 7c, teach average process 330 (FIG. 7b) begins at astep 340 where control system 20 illuminates the miss light of pocket ito provide a visual indication to the operator of which pocket is beingcalibrated. At a next step 342, control system 20 inputs signals fromthe miss sensor of pocket i as discussed further hereinabove inconnection with FIGS. 3-5. Then, at a step 344, control system 20identifies and discards the pulse attributable to the pocket's indexactivation element. In the preferred embodiment, control system 20disregards step 344 for pockets (such as cover pockets) having no indexactivation element.

At a next step 346, control system 20 averages the remaining pulsesattributable to the pocket's miss activation elements. After step 346,at a step 348 control system 20 illuminates the "double" light of pocketi to provide a visual indication to the operator of which pockets havebeen calibrated. Then, at a step 350, control system 20 returns theaveraged value determined at step 346.

Referring to FIG. 7d, task average process 314 (FIG. 7a) begins at adecision block 352 where control system 20 determines whether a sensordetected assembly of a test document for each trial. Control system 20assembles a number of test documents equal to the number of specifiedtrials. Accordingly, if the sensor failed to detect a test document foreach trial, then at a step 354 control system sets a "blocked or noisy"flag associated with the failing sensor. At a step 356, control system20 notifies the operator of any such failure. In that situation, controlsystem 20 does not store information from the sensor into theconfiguration, as indicated in FIG. 7d by step 358. Previously storedinformation is retained for any sensor that fails to successfullycalibrate.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 352 that the sensorsuccessfully detected a test document for each trial, then controlsystem 20 determines the average offset between the sensor and a slot byadding all tested offsets (step 360) and dividing by the number oftrials (step 362). Finally, at a step 364, control system stores theaverage offset together with other configuration information.

FIG. 8 is data flow diagram of a technique for operating documentassembly system 10 according to control system 20. The data flow diagramincludes multiple queues, each operating as a first-in first-out buffer.Control system 20 represents all slots of the gather section as logicalbook record locations in a gather fixed queue. Likewise, control system20 represents all slots of the binder section, and the trimmer sectionas logical book record locations in a binder fixed queue and a trimmerfixed queue, respectively. Control system 20 represents signature setsalong conveyor 52 of dry cure section 16 as logical book records, eachassociated with a unique document identification number, in the dry curetable of FIG. 8. If no signatures are present at a slot, then the slot'scorresponding logical book record location is occupied by a null record.If one or more signatures is present at a slot, then the slot'scorresponding logical book record location is occupied by the logicalbook record of the document being assembled in the slot.

Accordingly, output from the gather fixed queue is directed to the frontof the binder fixed queue. Output of the binder fixed queue is directedto the front of the dry cure table, and output of the dry cure table isdirected to the front of the trimmer fixed queue. Output of the trimmerfixed queue is directed to the divert process for representation asbeing suitably diverted by divert gate 64c (FIG. 1). Similarly, outputof the gather fixed queue is optionally directed to the divert processfor representation as being suitably diverted by divert gate 64a (FIG.1). Likewise, output of the binder fixed queue is optionally directed tothe divert process for representation as being suitably diverted bydivert gate 64b (FIG. 1). Divert gate locations are specified to thedivert process as slot locations from configuration data.

FIGS. 9a-e are flow charts of processes of the operating technique ofFIG. 8. Referring to FIG. 9a, the host receive process begins at adecision block 400, where execution loops until a document is to beordered according to an initial document order. When a document is to beordered, control system 20 determines at a decision block 402 whetherthe document to be ordered is a quality document. Quality documents arediscussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIGS. 11a-13b.

If the document to be ordered is a quality document, then at a step 404control system 20 adds the quality document's logical book record to thequality variable queue. After step 404, execution returns to decisionblock 400. If control system 20 determines at decision block 402 thatthe document to be ordered is not a quality document, then at a step 406control system 20 adds the document's logical book record to the newvariable queue. After step 406, execution returns to decision block 400.

Referring to FIG. 9b, the initiation process begins at a decision block410, where execution loops until a new cycle occurs for gather section12. When a new cycle occurs, control system 20 determines at a decisionblock 412 whether a logical book record exists in the quality variablequeue. If a logical book record exists in the quality variable queue,then control system 20 moves the logical book record into the customquality variable queue at a step 414. After step 414, executioncontinues to a step 416 where control system adds a generic documentrecord to the gather fixed queue. Execution then returns to decisionblock 410.

If control system 20 determines at a decision block 412 that no logicalbook record exists in the quality variable queue, then control system 20determines at a decision block 418 whether a logical book record existsin the reorder variable queue. If a logical book record exists in thereorder variable queue, then control system 20 moves the logical bookrecord into the gather fixed queue at a step 420. After step 420,execution returns to decision block 410.

If control system 20 determines at a decision block 418 that no logicalbook record exists in the reorder variable queue, then control system 20determines at a decision block 422 whether a logical book record existsin the new variable queue. If a logical book record exists in the newvariable queue, then control system 20 moves the logical book recordinto the custom new variable queue at a step 424. After step 424,execution continues to step 416.

Referring to FIG. 9c, the custom initiation process begins at a decisionblock 430, where execution loops until a new cycle occurs. When a newcycle occurs, control system 20 determines at a decision block 432whether a logical book record exists in the sorted variable queue. In asignificant aspect of the preferred embodiment, if a logical book recordexists in the sorted variable queue, then control system 20 determinesat a decision block 434 whether all preceding documents in the sequenceof the initial document order have been processed so that such precedingdocuments are no longer being assembled by document assembly system 10.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 434 that all precedingdocuments in the sequence of the initial document order have beenprocessed, then execution continues to a step 436 where control system20 moves the logical book record from the sorted variable queue into thecustom reorder variable queue. Accordingly, at step 436, control system20 reorders document assembly system 10 to assemble a replacement for anerrantly assembled custom document. Execution then returns to decisionblock 432.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 432 that no logicalbook record exists in the sorted variable queue, or if control system 20determines at decision block 434 that not all preceding documents in thesequence of the initial document order have been processed, thenexecution continues to a decision block 438 where control system 20determines whether a generic document is present at the customizationlocation. The customization location is a predetermined slot of documentassembly system 10 at which assembly of custom documents begins. A"custom" document is a generic document having content not common to alldocuments of a document edition. Control system 20 automaticallydetermines the customization location in response to setup andconfiguration information.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 438 that a genericdocument is not present at the customization location, then executionreturns to decision block 430. If a generic document is present at thecustomization location, then execution continues to a decision block 440where control system 20 determines whether a logical book record existsin the custom quality variable queue. If not, then execution continuesto a decision block 442 where control system 20 determines whether alogical book record exists in the custom reorder queue. If not, thenexecution continues to a decision block 444 where control system 20determines whether a logical book record exists in the custom newvariable queue. If not, then execution returns to decision block 430.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 440 that a logicalbook record exists in the custom quality variable queue, or if controlsystem 20 determines at decision block 442 that a logical book recordexists in the custom reorder variable queue, or if control system 20determines at decision block 444 that a logical book record exists inthe custom new variable queue, then execution continues to a step 446.At step 446, control system 20 moves the custom document's logical bookrecord to replace a generic logical book record at the customizationrecord location. The customization record location can be located ineither the gather fixed queue, the binder fixed queue, or the trimmerfixed queue, depending upon which section includes the customizationlocation of document assembly system 10. Accordingly, at decision block430, execution loops until a new cycle occurs for the section ofdocument assembly system 10 having the customization location. Afterstep 446, execution returns to decision block 430.

Referring to FIG. 9d, the reorder process begins at a decision block 450where execution loops until an error in assembly of a document isdetected and processed by the error handler (FIG. 8). When an error isdetected and processed, control system 20 determines at a decision block452 whether the errantly assembled document is at or beyond thecustomization location. If the errantly assembled document is at orbeyond the customization location, then execution continues to a step454 where control system 20 adds the errantly assembled document'slogical book record to the sorting input variable queue.

After step 454, execution continues to a step 456 where control system20 adds a generic logical book record to the reorder variable queue. Byadding a generic logical book record to the reorder variable queue,control system plans for a generic document to be present at thecustomization location when control system 20 reorders document assemblysystem 10 to assemble a replacement for the errantly assembled document(in the manner discussed hereinabove in connection with decision block442 and step 446 of FIG. 9c). After step 456, execution returns todecision block 450. If control system 20 determines at decision block452 that the errantly assembled document is before the customizationlocation, then execution continues to step 456.

Referring to FIG. 9e, the sorting process begins at a decision block 458where execution loops until control system 20 determines that a logicalbook record exists in the sorting input variable queue. When a logicalbook record exists in the sorting input variable queue, executioncontinues to a step 460 where control system 20 moves the errantlyassembled document's logical book record into the sorted variable queueaccording to the sequence of the initial document order. Accordingly,control system 20 is able to rearrange the order of logical book recordsin the sorted variable queue so that document assembly system 10assembles replacements for the errantly assembled documents according tothe sequence of the initial document order.

FIGS. 10a-c are illustrations of an exemplary operation of documentassembly system 10 according to the operating technique of FIG. 8. FIG.10a illustrates the status of various documents in slots K1 through(K1+12) during multiple cycles K2 through (K2+22) in response to aninitial order for the sequence of custom documents-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10 and 11. In the exemplary operation illustrated by FIG. 10a, thecustomization location is slot (K1+5).

Initially, all slots of document assembly system 10 are empty. Wheredocument assembly system 10 is operated at 100% capacity, control system20 initiates assembly of a generic document at the entry location (slot0 of gather section 12) of document assembly system 10 in response toeach cycle. Referring to FIG. 10a, control system 20 initiates assemblyof a generic document G at slot (K1+0) during cycle (K2+0).

In response to each additional cycle, control system 20 initiatesassembly of an additional generic document at slot (K1+0). Accordingly,at cycle (K2+1), generic documents are being assembled by documentassembly system 10 at slots (K1+0) and (K1+1). In response to additionalcycles, the generic document initiated at slot (K1+0) during cycle(K2+0) eventually propagates through the slots until it reaches thecustomization slot (K1+5) during cycle (K2+5).

When the generic document initiated at slot (K1+0) during cycle (K2+0)reaches the customization slot (K1+5) during cycle (K2+5) , controlsystem 20 orders document assembly system 10 to begin customizing thegeneric document as custom document-1. In response to additional cycles,custom document-1 continues propagating through the slots, and documentassembly system 10 begins customizing additional generic documents asshown in FIG. 10a as custom documents-1, 2, 3, and 4.

During assembly of a document, an error might occur, such as a signaturebeing improperly fed to a slot. As discussed further hereinabove inconnection with FIGS. 3-6b, control system 20 detects an improperlyassembled document in response to signals from one or more miss sensors,entry sensors, verify sensors, and caliper sensors. In the preferredembodiment, an improperly assembled document is diverted at the earliestpossible divert gate.

For example, the triangular border at slot (K1+5) during cycle (K2+8)indicates that custom document-4 was subject to an error in assembly atslot (K1+5) during cycle (K2+8). Accordingly, custom document-4 isdiverted at the earliest possible divert gate, which is located afterslot (K1+8) in the example of FIG. 10a. Notably, documents are subjectto errors in a random order independent of the initial document order.

For example, the triangular border at slot (K1+12) during cycle (K2+12)indicates that custom document-1 was subject to an error in assembly atslot (K1+12) during cycle (K2+12). Although document assembly system 10initiated assembly of custom document-1 prior to custom document-4,custom document-4 was subject to an error in assembly prior to customdocument-1. In a significant aspect of the preferred embodiment, controlsystem 20 reorders document assembly system 10 to assemble replacementsfor the errantly assembled custom documents according to their sequencein the initial document order.

By assembling replacements for the errantly assembled custom documentsaccording to their sequence in the initial document order, thereplacements can be more readily and reliably rejoined with the initialdocument order as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIGS.10b-c. In this manner, document assembly system 10 advantageouslyassists in maintaining the initial presorting of documents to preservepostage savings for bulk mailings, even where replacement documents areassembled. Moreover, document assembly system 10 does not purge properlyassembled documents in order to assemble a replacement for an errantlyassembled document. Further, document assembly system 10 does not stopthe operation of its document assembly line in order to assemble areplacement for an errantly assembled document.

As discussed further hereinabove in connection with decision block 434of FIG. 9c, control system 20 achieves this advantage by imposing acondition that all preceding documents in the sequence of the initialdocument order be processed (so that such preceding documents are nolonger being assembled by document assembly system 10) prior toreordering document assembly system 10 to assemble a replacement for anerrantly assembled custom document.

For example, since custom document-1 is not preceded by any otherdocuments, control system 20 reorders document assembly system 10 toassemble a replacement for custom document-1 at the earliestopportunity, as indicated in FIG. 10a by the circular boundary at slot(K1+5) during cycle (K2+13). Moreover, control system 20 advantageouslyreorders document assembly system 10 to assemble a replacement forcustom document-1 beginning at a point along the document assembly lineafter the entry point of document assembly system 10.

By beginning at a point after the entry point, the replacement forcustom document-1 is located more proximately to the original positionof custom document-1 in the initial document order. In the preferredembodiment, control system 20 reorders document assembly system 10 toassemble a replacement for custom document-1 beginning at thecustomization point, so that the replacement for custom document-1 islocated as proximately as possible to the original position of customdocument-1 in the initial document order.

Similarly, the triangular border at slot (K1+12) during cycle (K2+13)indicates that custom document-2 was subject to an error in assembly atslot (K1+12) during cycle (K2+13). Since custom document-2 is precededonly by custom document-1, and since the original custom document-1itself is no longer being assembled by document assembly system 10during cycle (K2+13), control system 20 reorders document assemblysystem 10 to assemble a replacement for custom document-2 as indicatedin FIG. 10a by the circular boundary at slot (K1+5) during cycle(K2+14).

Since custom document-4 is preceded by custom documents-1, 2 and 3, andsince slot (K1+5) is empty at cycle (K2+16), control system 20 reordersdocument assembly system 10 to assemble a replacement for customdocument-4 as indicated in FIG. 10a by the circular boundary at slot(K1+5) during cycle (K2+17).

Referring to FIGS. 10b-c, control system 20 readily reassignsreplacement documents to their respective mailing groups. According tothe example of FIG. 10a, control system 20 operates divert gate 64c(FIG. 1) to divert a replacement set 430 having replacements for customdocuments-1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 to conveyor 65 (FIG. 1) according to thesequence of the initial document order. Document assembly system 10outputs a set 432 of original custom documents-3, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 toconveyor 62 according to the sequence of the initial document order.

FIG. 10c lists instructions to group a total of four custom documents-1,2, 3 and 4 into a mailing set I. Moreover, FIG. 10c lists instructionsto group a total of seven custom documents-5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 intoa mailing set II. In response to such instructions, control system 20readily reassigns replacement documents to their respective mailingsets.

For example, control system 20 determines that the only properlyassembled member of mailing set I in set 432 is original customdocument-3, which is three short of the total number of documents inmailing set I. Since replacement set 430 accords with the sequence ofthe initial document order, control system 20 readily reassigns thefirst three replacements in replacement set 430 to complete mailing setI in combination with original custom document-3.

Similarly, control system 20 determines that the only properly assembledmembers of mailing set II in set 432 are original custom documents-6, 8,9, 10 and 11, which are two short of the total number of documents inmailing set II. Since replacement set 430 accords with the sequence ofthe initial document order, control system 20 readily reassigns the nexttwo replacements in replacement set 430 to complete mailing set II incombination with original custom documents-6, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

Significantly, for a perfect bindery system such as document assemblysystem 10, it is impractical to accurately determine whether aparticular empty slot of a section (such as dry cure section 16) of theperfect bindery line results (1) from the asynchronous operation ofdifferent sections or (2) from an error along the perfect bindery line.By comparison, synchronously operated stitched bindery systems typicallyfail to present such a problem. In such a stitched bindery system,multiple signatures are stapled rather than glued. Advantageously,control system 20 tracks the order of documents along the perfectbindery line and suitably reorders documents along a single path betweentwo points, so that additional paths and equipment are not required tobe added to a conventional perfect bindery line in order to suitablyreorder documents.

FIGS. 11a-c are a flow chart of a technique for monitoring documentassembly system 10 according to control system 20. In the course ofassembling a set of regular documents on document assembly system 10,control system 20 advantageously supports the assembly of supplemental("quality") documents in order to monitor proper assembly and quality ofthe regular documents being assembled. In a demographic controlleddocument assembly system, documents are customized so that a document'stype is identified by a makeup code discussed further hereinbelow inconnection with FIG. 12a.

Control system 20 operates document assembly system 10 to assemblequality documents in response to two types of orders: (1) manual ordersplaced on demand by an operator and (2) periodic orders automaticallyplaced by control system 20. Each type of order has its own parameterdefinition information. For example, the operator can specify thatperiodically ordered quality documents print at all configured printerseven while manually ordered documents are specified to print at selectedones of the printers.

Accordingly, control system 20 supports several configurable attributesof quality documents which can be specified by the operator. Theseattributes are (1) the makeup code definitions for the contents ofquality documents to be assembled, (2) the number of quality documentsto be assembled as part of each quality document order, (3) whether toperiodically initiate assembly of one or more quality documentsautomatically and, if so, the number ("frequency") of regular documentsto assemble before periodically initiating a quality document order (ifthe operator specifies 0 number of regular documents to assemble, thenperiodic initiation is disabled), (4) the list of configured printers toprint on each quality document, (5) the divert gate at which eachquality document is to be diverted, and (6) whether to print a factsheet for each assembled quality document. Advantageously, by allowingthe operator to specify a divert gate and printers, signatures arereusable if the divert gate is located prior to binder section 14 and ifthe signatures are not printed upon. Periodically ordered qualitydocuments are the only type of quality documents having a frequencyattribute.

Control system 20 inputs operator specified initial values for thequality document parameters. Control system 20 accepts modifications toany parameter during assembly of a document edition. After controlsystem 20 stores such modifications, the modifications are effectivewhen control system 20 initiates the next quality document order.Moreover, control system 20 preserves initial values and modificationsthereto, so that both initial values and modifications thereto arereusable . Modifications made during assembly of a document edition areeffective only for the remainder of the assembly of the documentedition.

Referring to FIG. 11a, execution begins in parallel at decision blocks450a and 450b. At decision block 450a, execution loops until controlsystem 20 determines that the operator has manually placed a qualitydocument order. If the operator manually places a quality documentorder, execution continues to a step 452.

At decision block 450b, execution loops until control system 20determines that assembly of a document is to be initiated, as discussedfurther hereinabove in connection with FIG. 8. If assembly of a documentis to be initiated, execution continues to a step 453 where controlsystem 20 initiates assembly of the document. After step 453, executioncontinues to a decision block 454. At decision block 454, control system20 determines whether the initiated document is a regular document.

If the initiated document is a regular document, then executioncontinues to a step 456 where control system 20 increments a count ofregular documents. After step 456, control system 20 determines at adecision block 458 whether the count is a multiple of theoperator-specified frequency for quality document orders periodicallyplaced by control system 20. If the count is a multiple of theoperator-specified frequency, then execution continues to step 452 . Ifthe count is not a multiple of the operator-specified frequency, thenexecution returns to decision blocks 450a and 450b.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 454 that the initiateddocument is not a regular document, then execution continues to adecision block 460. At decision block 460, control system 20 determineswhether assembly of the last queued quality document has been initiated.If not, then execution returns to decision blocks 450a and 450b. Ifassembly of the last queued quality document has been initiated, thenexecution continues to a step 461 where control system 20 reenablesfurther initiation of regular documents. After step 461, executionreturns to decision blocks 450a and 450b.

Referring to step 452, control system 20 disables further initiation ofregular document orders until all ordered quality documents areinitiated. Moreover, manually ordered quality documents have priorityover periodically ordered quality documents, so that control system 20inhibits the initiation of periodically ordered quality documents untilall manually ordered documents are initiated.

By inhibiting lower priority documents, a contiguous set of qualitydocuments is achievable, even if the quality document order is large andtime consuming to create. Such contiguousness of quality documents ishelpful in maintaining the frequency of periodically ordered qualitydocuments. Also, the contiguousness helps the operator recognize when aquality document order has been fulfilled, particularly where qualitydocuments include no identification information. Control system 20 givesmanually ordered quality documents priority over periodically orderedquality documents, since an operator is likely to physically wait forassembly of manually ordered quality documents.

After step 452, control system 20 creates a quality document order atstep 462 as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIG. 11band FIG. 12d. After step 462, control system 20 formats the qualitydocument order at a step 464 as discussed further hereinbelow inconnection with FIG. 11c and FIG. 12e. At a next step 466, controlsystem 20 queues quality documents for assembly and printing. After step466, execution returns to decision blocks 450a and 450b.

Referring to FIG. 11b, control system 20 creates a quality documentorder (step 462 of FIG. 11a) beginning at a decision block 470. Anexemplary quality document order is shown in FIG. 12d discussed furtherhereinbelow. At decision block 470, control system 20 determines whetherthe quality document order is (1) a manual order placed on demand by anoperator or (2) a periodic order automatically placed by control system20. If tile quality document order is a periodic order, then at a step472 control system 20 reads a makeup code table pointer and a dummyidentification for the periodic order. If the quality document is amanual order, then at a step 474 control system 20 reads a makeup codetable pointer and a dummy identification for the manual order. Makeupcodes are discussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIG. 12a.

After either of steps 472 and 474, execution continues to a decisionblock 476 where control system 20 determines whether the operator hasspecified multiple makeup code definitions through which control system20 is to cycle. If not, then execution continues to a step 478.Otherwise, if the operator has specified that control system 20 is tocycle through multiple makeup code definitions, then control systemincrements the makeup code table pointer at a step 480. After step 480,execution continues to step 478.

At step 478, control system 20 reads the makeup code from the makeupcode table according to the makeup code table pointer and then writesthe makeup code into a quality document order block as discussed furtherhereinbelow in connection with FIG. 12d. At a next step 482, controlsystem 20 writes the dummy identification into the quality documentorder block. Then, at a step 484, control system 20 establishes a dummyidentification for the next quality document.

After establishing a dummy identification for the next quality document,control system 20 determines at a decision block 486 whether anyadditional quality documents remain to be created in the qualitydocument order. If so, then execution returns to decision block 476. Ifno more quality documents remain to be created, then execution continuesto a step 488 where control system 20 returns the quality document orderblock.

Referring to FIG. 11c, control system 20 formats a quality documentorder (step 464 of FIG. 11a) beginning at a step 490. An exemplaryformatted quality document order is shown in FIG. 12e discussed furtherhereinbelow. At step 490, control system 20 determines the print fieldlayout for each printer of document assembly system 10, according to aprint group associated with the quality document's makeup code asdiscussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIG. 12a. At a nextstep 492, on a first line of the quality document's print area, controlsystem 20 reserves the first four fields with the quality document'smakeup code. Remaining print area is filled with alphanumerics asdiscussed further hereinbelow in connection with FIG. 13b.

Then, at a step 494, control system 20 determines gather pockets fortile quality document's makeup code. After determining gather pockets,control system 20 determines cover pocket(s) for the quality document'smakeup code at a step 496.

After step 496, control system 20 determines at a decision block 498whether the quality document order is (1) a manual order placed ondemand by an operator or (2) a periodic order automatically placed bycontrol system 20. If the quality document order is a periodic order,then at a step 500 control system 20 sets printer selections accordingto the definition of the periodically ordered quality document. Then, ata step 502, control system 20 sets divert gate selections according tothe definition of the periodically ordered quality document. After step502, execution continues to a step 504.

If control system 20 determines at decision block 498 that the qualitydocument order is a manual order, then at a step 506 control system 20sets printer selections according to the definition of the manuallyordered quality document. Then, at a step 508, control system 20 setsdivert gate selections according to the definition of the manuallyordered quality document. After step 508, execution continues to step504.

At step 504, control system 20 stores the formatted print data, pocketdata, and divert gate data for the quality document order as discussedfurther hereinbelow in connection with FIG. 12e. Then, at a decisionblock 510, control system 20 determines whether any additional qualitydocuments remain to be formatted in the quality document data block. Ifadditional quality documents remain to be formatted, then executioncontinues to a step 512 where control system 20 determines the nextquality document to process. After step 512, execution returns to step490. If control system 20 determines at decision block 510 that noadditional quality documents remain to be formatted, then executioncontinues to a step 514 where control system 20 returns the formattedquality document order.

FIGS. 12a-e are illustrations of information records processed bycontrol system 20 according to the monitoring technique of FIGS. 11a-c.Together, FIGS. 12a-c illustrate a setup record for a document edition.When control system 20 initiates a quality document order, controlsystem 20 generates simulated tape information for each quality documentto be assembled. Such simulated tape information includes the makeupcode selected for each quality document. The simulated tape informationis distributed in a similar manner as regular tape information.

Referring to FIG. 12a, each defined makeup code has an identification(e.g. "AAAA"). Each makeup code defines a cover and a set of signaturesfor a document. Moreover, each makeup code defines a print group foreach printer of document assembly system 10. Table 1 shows exemplaryprint groups for a particular printer.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        Exemplary Print Groups                                                        Print Group Name         Print Information                                    ______________________________________                                        P1          address      6 lines of address                                                            as specified in database                             P2          address/renew                                                                              6 lines of address                                                            as specified in database                                                      and renewal message                                  P3          null         None                                                 ______________________________________                                    

If a makeup code does not specify a print group for a particularprinter, then the printer is not used in assembling documents accordingto the makeup code.

Referring to FIG. 12b, each of gather pockets D1-Dn is listed as feedinga specified signature (e.g. S4). If "null" is specified for a gatherpocket (e.g. D2), then the gather pocket is not used. Similarly,referring to FIG. 12c, each of cover pockets E1-Er is listed as feedinga specified cover (e.g. C2). If "null" is specified for a cover pocket(e.g. Er), then the cover pocket is not used.

FIG. 12d illustrates a document order block as formed at step 478 ofFIG. 11b. In the quality document order block, each document has anidentification number and a makeup code. The quality document makeupcode identification is associated with print content for the qualitydocument.

FIG. 12e illustrates a formatted quality document order. The formattedquality document order merges various information of FIGS. 12a-d.Accordingly, for a document identified in FIG. 12d having a particularmakeup code, FIG. 12e lists actual signature pockets used in assemblingthe document according to FIGS. 12a and 12b. Similarly, FIG. 12e listsactual cover pocket(s) used in assembling the document according toFIGS. 12a and 12c. Further, FIG. 12e lists a respective divert gate andincludes formatted print groups for enabled printers.

FIGS. 13a-b are illustrations of an exemplary operation of documentassembly system 10 according to the monitoring technique of FIGS. 11a-c.FIG. 13a illustrates assembly by document assembly system 10 of qualitydocuments in response to (1) a manual order of quality documents placedon demand by the operator and (2) a periodic order of quality documentsautomatically placed by control system 20.

Regular documents are being assembled in slots (K1+12) through (K1+15).After initiating assembly of a specified number (e.g. 1000) of regulardocuments, control system 20 automatically initiates assembly of aspecified number (e.g. 4) of periodic quality ("PQ") documents shown inslots (K1+8) through (K1+11). As shown in FIG. 13a, if the operatorspecifies periodic initiation of a quality document order, then controlsystem 20 orders assembly of each new quality document according to theoperator-selected makeup code following that of the most recentlyassembled quality document, even where the new quality document and themost recently assembled quality document are assembled at substantiallydifferent times in different quality document orders. Also, if theoperator specifies periodic initiation, control system 20 returns to thefirst operator-selected makeup code (e.g. "AAAA") after assembling aquality document with the last operator-selected makeup code (e.g."ZZZZ").

After initiating assembly of the periodic quality document order,control system 20 initiates assembly of regular documents shown in slots(K1+3) through (K1+7). Then, as shown in FIG. 13a, document assemblysystem 10 assembles demand quality ("DQ") documents in response to amanual order of quality documents placed on demand by the operator. Asshown in FIG. 13a, the operator manually ordered two quality documentseach of makeup code identification AAAA.

One configurable parameter is whether to print a fact sheet for eachassembled quality document. A fact sheet can include information such as(1) the quality document type being assembled, (2) the number of regulardocuments assembled, (3) the makeup code of the last regular documentassembled before the quality document order was started, (4) the makeupcode of the quality document, (5) the time and date the qualitydocuments were completed, and (6) the operator who initiated the qualitydocument order. Table 2 shows exemplary fact sheets for qualitydocuments of slots (K1+1), (K1+10) and (K1+11) of FIG. 13a,respectively.

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        Exemplary Fact Sheets for Quality Documents                                                     Slot                                                        Fact                K1+1     K1+10   K1+11                                    ______________________________________                                        Previous Regular Document Makeup                                                                  MMMM     KKKK    KKKK                                     Code ID                                                                       Present Quality Document Makeup                                                                   AAAA     AAAA    ZZZZ                                     Code ID                                                                       Total Number of Regular Documents                                                                 2005     2000    2000                                     Time of Assembly    7.41     7.32    7.31                                     ______________________________________                                    

As shown in FIG. 13b, control system 20 reserves the first four fieldson the first lines of print areas 526 and 528 of quality documents 520(corresponding to the document in slot (K1+10) of FIG. 13a) and 522corresponding to the document in slot (K1+11) of FIG. 13a),respectively, to print the quality document's makeup code. Accordingly,quality document 520 is assembled according to makeup code "AAAA", andquality document 522 is assembled according to makeup code "ZZZZ".Remaining print area is filled with alphanumerics.

Document assembly system 10 prints such dummy print information on eachquality document, since quality documents are not normally recorded ontape. The makeup code is printed so that the document type isidentifiable by visual inspection of the quality document. Dummy printinformation is generated for the entire length of each print segment toverify alignment of print heads and to show maximum print areaconfigured to be printed. Print area 530 shows normal printing for aregular document 524 (corresponding to the document in slot (K1+12) ofFIG. 13a).

Control system 20 monitors quality document assembly throughout documentassembly system 10 in the same manner as regular documents, and controlsystem 20 reorders errantly assembled quality documents as discussedfurther hereinabove in connection with FIGS. 8-10c. Notably, if qualitydocuments are reordered, their contiguousness might be compromised.

Manually ordered quality documents can be initiated before assembly ofregular documents begins. Such pre-assembly quality documents are calledmake-ready documents. Make-ready document orders have the samecharacteristics as other manually initiated quality document orders.Control system 20 inhibits regular document assembly until themake-ready document order is either completed or stopped by theoperator.

Make-ready quality documents are useful for verifying that documentassembly system 10 is fully operational and properly configured.Make-ready quality documents are particularly useful for verifying (1)print quality/readability since control system 20 has no means ofmonitoring print quality, (2) makeup code definitions by cycling throughall defined makeup codes to verify signature to pocket mapping and paperin the pocket hoppers, and (3) makeup code print group selections toverify proper selection of the print group for each makeup code and toverify definition of the print group itself.

Although the present invention and its advantages have been described indetail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions andalterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of calibrating a document assemblysystem, comprising the steps of:initiating an operation of multipleasynchronously operated sections of a document assembly line of thedocument assembly system; during said operation, sensing activations ofmultiple activation elements in different ones of said asynchronouslyoperated sections along said document assembly line; and in response tosaid activations, determining positional information for relating saidactivation elements to said asynchronously operated sections of saiddocument assembly line.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein saiddetermining step comprises the step of determining positionalinformation for relating said activation element to a location alongsaid document assembly line.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein saiddetermining step comprises the step of determining positionalinformation for relating a paper feeder including said activationelement to a location along said document assembly line.
 4. The methodof claim 1 wherein said determining step comprises the step ofdetermining positional information for relating a reflector to saiddocument assembly line.
 5. The method of claim 4 and further comprisingthe step of detecting a failure of said reflector.
 6. The method ofclaim 4 wherein said determining step comprises the step of determiningpositional information for relating a miss reflector of a paper feederto said document assembly line.
 7. The method of claim 1 wherein saiddetermining step comprises the step of determining positionalinformation for relating a sensor to said document assembly line.
 8. Themethod of claim 7 and further comprising the step of detecting a failureof said sensor.
 9. The method of claim 1 and further comprising the stepof indicating to an operator which activation element is being sensed.10. The method of claim 1 and further comprising the step of assemblinga set of documents according to multiple document types in response tosaid determined positional information.
 11. A method of calibrating adocument assembly system, comprising the steps of:initiating assembly ofat least one document along a first asynchronously operated section of adocument assembly line of the document assembly system; during saidassembly, sensing an activation of at least one activation element alonga second asynchronously operated section of said document assembly linein response to assembly of said document along said secondasynchronously operated section; and in response to said activation,determining positional information for relating said activation elementto said document assembly line.
 12. A system for calibrating a documentassembly system, comprising:means for initiating an operation ofmultiple asynchronously operated sections of a document assembly line ofthe document assembly system; means for sensing, during said operation,activations of multiple activation elements in different ones of saidasynchronously operated sections along said document assembly line; andmeans for determining, in response to said activations, positionalinformation for relating said activation elements to said asynchronouslyoperated sections of said document assembly line.
 13. The system ofclaim 12 wherein said determining means is operable to determinepositional information for relating said activation element to alocation along said document assembly line.
 14. The system of claim 12wherein said determining means is operable to determine positionalinformation for relating a paper feeder including said activationelement to a location along said document assembly line.
 15. The systemof claim 12 wherein said determining means is operable to determinepositional information for relating a reflector to said documentassembly line.
 16. The system of claim 15 and further comprising meansfor detecting a failure of said reflector.
 17. The system of claim 15wherein said determining means is operable to determine positionalinformation for relating a miss reflector of a paper feeder to saiddocument assembly line.
 18. The system of claim 12 wherein saiddetermining means is operable to determine positional information forrelating a sensor to said document assembly line.
 19. The system ofclaim 18 and further comprising means for detecting a failure of saidsensor.
 20. The system of claim 12 and further comprising means forindicating to an operator which activation element is being sensed. 21.The system of claim 12 and further comprising means for assembling a setof documents according to multiple document types in response to saiddetermined positional information.
 22. A system for calibrating adocument assembly system, comprising:means for initiating assembly of atleast one document along a first asynchronously operated section of adocument assembly line of the document assembly system; means forsensing, during said assembly, an activation of at least one activationelement along a second asynchronously operated section of said documentassembly line in response to assembly of said document along said secondasynchronously operated section; and means for determining, in responseto said activation, positional information for relating said activationelement to said document assembly line.
 23. A computer program forcalibrating a document assembly system, comprising:means for initiatingan operation of multiple asynchronously operated sections of a documentassembly line of the document assembly system; means for sensing, duringsaid operation, activations of multiple activation elements in differentones of said asynchronously operated sections along said documentassembly line; and means for determining, in response to saidactivations, positional information for relating said activationelements to said asynchronously operated sections of said documentassembly line.
 24. The computer program of claim 23 wherein saiddetermining means is operable to determine positional information forrelating said activation element to a location along said documentassembly line.
 25. The computer program of claim 23 wherein saiddetermining means is operable to determine positional information forrelating a paper feeder including said activation element to a locationalong said document assembly line.
 26. The computer program of claim 23wherein said determining means is operable to determine positionalinformation for relating a reflector to said document assembly line. 27.The computer program of claim 26 and further comprising means fordetecting a failure of said reflector.
 28. The computer program of claim26 wherein said determining means is operable to determine positionalinformation for relating a miss reflector of a paper feeder to saiddocument assembly line.
 29. The computer program of claim 23 whereinsaid determining means is operable to determine positional informationfor relating a sensor to said document assembly line.
 30. The computerprogram of claim 29 and further comprising means for detecting a failureof said sensor.
 31. The computer program of claim 23 and furthercomprising means for indicating to an operator which activation elementis being sensed.
 32. The computer program of claim 23 and furthercomprising means for initiating assembly of a set of documents accordingto multiple document types in response to said determined positionalinformation.
 33. A computer program for calibrating a document assemblysystem, comprising:means for initiating assembly of at least onedocument along a first asynchronously operated section of a documentassembly line of the document assembly system; means for sensing, duringsaid assembly, an activation of at least one activation element along asecond asynchronously operated section of said document assembly line inresponse to assembly of said document along said second asynchronouslyoperated section; and means for determining, in response to saidactivation, positional information for relating said activation elementto said document assembly line.